Aims: To determine the effect of melatonin supplementation on alveolar bone metabolism in rats with periodontal disease (PD) and pinealectomy. Materials and methods: Eighty rats were distributed into 8 groups: control (CN); pinealectomized (PNX); PD; pinealectomized with PD (PNXPD); control with melatonin (CNMEL); PD with melatonin (PDMEL); pinealectomized with melatonin (PNXMEL); pinealectomized with PD and melatonin (PNXPDMEL). After 20 days of pinealectomy, PD was induced and the melatonin supplementation was starded. After 28 days, experiments were performed on animals; then, the sample analyses were performed. Results: An increase in the proinflammatory mediator TNF-α was observed in both PD and PNX animals. PD and PNXPD groups demonstrated greater alveolar bone resorption due to a higher activity of the osteoclasts compared to the osteoblasts evidenced by the increase of the resorption marker, and decrease of the formation marker as well as histomorphometric results. However, in animals treated with melatonin, there was no change in plasma TNF-α concentration and alveolar bone loss. Conclusion: Supplementation with melatonin decreased TNF-α in pinealectomized and PD animals. In groups with PD, melatonin protected the alveolar bone resorption. Therefore, these results demonstrate that melatonin is efficient in controlling both alveolar bone resorption and TNF-α in rats (PD and PNX), demonstrating its local and systemic importance.
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